Zelandakh, on 2013-November-12, 11:13, said:
OK, take a classic. Slam is 50%. One pair bids it and the other stays in game. A swing is guaranteed. Which pair has made the mistake? If it depends on the cards of the opponents then you are on fairly slippery ice with your definition.
Here's a different way to think about it.
At IMPs, you're supposed to bid 50% games. If game is 50%, but you don't bid it, you've probably made a mistake (perhaps your bidding methods are poor and don't allow you to determine the odds, or you had the information but used poor judgement in applying it). About half the time you won't be punished, because of the lie of the cards, but if you bid like this in general, your long term results will suffer because the scoring table awards bidding the games more than staying out of them.
The converse of this is that a bidding misunderstanding lands you in a horrible contract, but you find a lucky lie of the cards, or the opponents misdefend, so you make it. Regardless of the results, you still made a mistake during the bidding, although you may have compensated for this with your strong declarer play, or demeanor that didn't give away the show to the defenders (perhaps that's why they misdefended).