1. Pass. This is very easy, and I'm happy to defend anything opps decide to play, because if they don't have a fit partner is behind the
♥ bidder with long hearts, and I am behind the
♠ bidder with my long
♠.
If I decide to bid 1NT here, I don't see how I could make more than 4 tricks, given that partner is broke. Not all my partners agree, but it is always better your opps to go down instead of you
The most important principle of competitive bidding at the part score level is that you compete with distribution, not with strength. With extra strength you either pass or double, but it is far too early here to double for penalties.
2. Again I would pass, but many will bid 1NT, which is not necessarily wrong in these vulns.